How to Write Formal Letters in German? (Formelle Briefe)

- When to Write a Formal Letter
- Structure of a German Formal Letter
- Polite Vocabulary and Phrases in Formal Letter
- 📌 Typical Formal Letter Topics in A1 Exam
- ✉️ Example Writing Task: Formal Email for Goethe A1 Exam
- Example Formal Letter "Asking about a German course"
- 📑 Formal Letter (German ↔ English with Explanation)
Writing formal letters (formelle Briefe) is an essential skill for German learners. Whether you are applying for a job, writing to an authority or contacting a business, the German formal letter follows strict rules of structure, tone and politeness. Understanding this format will help you sound professional and be taken seriously.
When to Write a Formal Letter
You should use a formal letter whenever you want to show respect, politeness or professionalism. Common situations include:
Job applications (Bewerbungsschreiben)
Cover letters (Motivationsschreiben)
Official requests to offices or authorities (Behörden)
Complaint letters (Beschwerdebrief)
Formal inquiries about services, courses or contracts
Business communication with companies
Structure of a German Formal Letter
German letters have a very clear and standardized format. Below is the layout, in order:
Sender Information (Absender)
Full name
Address
Optional: email and phone number
Usually placed at the top left
Recipient Information (Empfänger)
Full name of recipient or institution
Position or department, if known
Address of the recipient
Place and Date (Ort und Datum)
Placed on the right-hand side. Format:
Berlin, den 31. August 2025
Subject Line (Betreffzeile)
A short statement of purpose, without “Betreff:” in modern letters.
Example: Bewerbung um eine Praktikumsstelle
Example: Anfrage zu Ihrem Sprachkursangebot
Salutation (Anrede)
Sehr geehrter Herr Müller, (to a man)
Sehr geehrte Frau Schmidt, (to a woman)
Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, (if you don’t know the recipient)
Main Text (Hauptteil)
The body of the letter usually has three sections:
Introduction – Why you are writing.
Example: Ich schreibe Ihnen, um weitere Informationen über Ihren Kurs zu erhalten.
Main content – Details, arguments, or background.
Conclusion – Polite summary and request.
Closing Formula (Schlussformel)
Common endings:
Mit freundlichen Grüßen (most common, neutral)
Viele Grüße (only semi-formal emails)
Signature (Unterschrift)
If handwritten: sign above your typed name.
If email: just type your full name.
Polite Vocabulary and Phrases in Formal Letter

To sound professional it’s important to use polite wording:
Requests:
Könnten Sie mir bitte mitteilen… (Could you please let me know…)
Ich wäre Ihnen sehr dankbar, wenn… (I would be very grateful if…)
Making reference:
Wie in unserem Gespräch vereinbart… (As agreed in our conversation…)
Wie telefonisch besprochen… (As discussed by phone…)
Expressing interest:
Mit großem Interesse habe ich gelesen… (I read with great interest…)
Ich freue mich darauf, von Ihnen zu hören. (I look forward to hearing from you.)
📌 Typical Formal Letter Topics in A1 Exam
Requesting Information (Information erfragen)
Asking about a course (language course, swimming course, etc.)
Asking about opening hours, prices or schedules
Example: Bitte schicken Sie mir Informationen über den Deutschkurs.
Making or Cancelling an Appointment (Termin vereinbaren / absagen)
Doctor’s appointment
Meeting with an office or service provider
Example: Leider kann ich am Montag nicht kommen. Ich möchte einen neuen Termin.
Invitations / Replies to Invitations
Invitation to a party, meeting or course
Accepting or refusing politely
Example: Vielen Dank für Ihre Einladung. Ich komme gern.
Requests / Asking for Help (Bitte äußern)
Borrowing something (e.g. a book, a ticket)
Asking for assistance at work/school
Example: Könnten Sie mir bitte das Formular schicken?
Apologies (Entschuldigung)
Missing a meeting, class, or appointment
Being late
Example: Entschuldigung, ich kann heute nicht zum Kurs kommen.
Complaints (Beschwerde) – very basic at A1
About a product or service
Example: Der Fernseher funktioniert nicht. Bitte schicken Sie einen Techniker.
Simple Applications / Registrations (Anmeldung / Bewerbung)
Registering for a course, club, or activity
Applying for a basic job or internship
Example: Ich möchte mich für den Deutschkurs anmelden.
✅ Summary: Writing formal letters in German requires a clear structure: sender → recipient → date → subject → salutation → body → closing → signature. Using polite wording and correct formatting will help you communicate effectively in professional and official contexts.
✉️ Example Writing Task: Formal Email for Goethe A1 Exam
Example Situation:
You want to attend a German course in a language school. You need more information, so you write a short formal email/letter to the school.
Your email should include 3 questions:
Ask when the course starts and what the schedule/timetable is.
Ask which books or materials you need for the course.
Ask if there is a discount for students.
Instructions:
Write a formal email (not to a friend).
Use a polite greeting (e.g. Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,).
Write 3–5 simple sentences with your questions.
End with a polite closing (e.g. Mit freundlichen Grüßen + your name).
✅ Exam Tip: In the Goethe A1 writing part, the important things are:
Answer all the points (all 3 questions).
Keep sentences short and simple.
Use polite forms (Könnten Sie mir bitte…, Gibt es…?).
Don’t forget the greeting, closing and your name.
Example Formal Letter "Asking about a German course"
Ali Hasan
Bahnhofstraße 10
12345 München
Sprachschule LingoMile
Kursbüro
Hauptstraße 25
12345 Hamburg
Hamburg, den 31. August 2025
Betreff: Anfrage zum Deutschkurs
Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,
ich interessiere mich für Ihren Deutschkurs.
Könnten Sie mir bitte sagen, wann der Kurs beginnt und wie der Stundenplan aussieht?
Welche Bücher oder Materialien brauche ich für den Kurs?
Gibt es eine Ermäßigung für Studenten?
Vielen Dank im Voraus für Ihre Antwort.
Mit freundlichen Grüßen
(Unterschrift)
Ali Hasan
👉 This fits A1 exam requirements:
Polite greeting (Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,)
3–5 short sentences with clear questions
Polite ending (Vielen Dank im Voraus… / Mit freundlichen Grüßen)
💡 Formula to remember:
📑 Formal Letter (German ↔ English with Explanation)
German Text | English Translation | Description / Function |
|---|---|---|
Betreff: Anfrage zum Deutschkurs | Subject: Request about the German course | Subject line → short, clear reason for writing |
Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, | Dear Sir or Madam, | Polite greeting when you don’t know the recipient’s name |
ich interessiere mich für Ihren Deutschkurs. | I am interested in your German course. | Introduction sentence → why you are writing |
Wann beginnt der Kurs und wie ist der Stundenplan? | When does the course start and what is the schedule? | Question 1 → course start and timetable |
Welche Bücher oder Materialien brauche ich für den Kurs? | Which books or materials do I need for the course? | Question 2 → course materials |
Gibt es eine Ermäßigung für Studenten? | Is there a discount for students? | Question 3 → asking about student discount |
Vielen Dank im Voraus für Ihre Antwort. | Thank you in advance for your reply. | Polite closing sentence |
Mit freundlichen Grüßen | Kind regards | Formal farewell (no comma after it in German) |
Ali Hasan | Ali Hasan | Writer’s name/signature |
Sophia is a certified German language expert (Goethe & telc) with over eight years of experience helping learners master German. She specializes in creating high-quality digital learning materials and writing informative articles, while teaching German and preparing students for exams – bringing practical, real-world language skills to every lesson.