How to Write Formal Letters in German? (Formelle Briefe)

How to Write Formal Letters in German? (Formelle Briefe) | Main image

Writing formal letters (formelle Briefe) is an essential skill for German learners. Whether you are applying for a job, writing to an authority or contacting a business, the German formal letter follows strict rules of structure, tone and politeness. Understanding this format will help you sound professional and be taken seriously.

When to Write a Formal Letter

You should use a formal letter whenever you want to show respect, politeness or professionalism. Common situations include:

  • Job applications (Bewerbungsschreiben)

  • Cover letters (Motivationsschreiben)

  • Official requests to offices or authorities (Behörden)

  • Complaint letters (Beschwerdebrief)

  • Formal inquiries about services, courses or contracts

  • Business communication with companies

Even emails to professors or employers often follow the same structure as a formal letter

Structure of a German Formal Letter

German letters have a very clear and standardized format. Below is the layout, in order:

Sender Information (Absender)

  • Full name

  • Address

  • Optional: email and phone number

  • Usually placed at the top left

Recipient Information (Empfänger)

  • Full name of recipient or institution

  • Position or department, if known

  • Address of the recipient

Place and Date (Ort und Datum)

Placed on the right-hand side. Format:

  • Berlin, den 31. August 2025

Subject Line (Betreffzeile)

A short statement of purpose, without “Betreff:” in modern letters.

  • Example: Bewerbung um eine Praktikumsstelle

  • Example: Anfrage zu Ihrem Sprachkursangebot

Salutation (Anrede)

  • Sehr geehrter Herr Müller, (to a man)

  • Sehr geehrte Frau Schmidt, (to a woman)

  • Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, (if you don’t know the recipient)

After the comma continue in lowercase (except for nouns).

Main Text (Hauptteil)

The body of the letter usually has three sections:

  1. Introduction – Why you are writing.

    • Example: Ich schreibe Ihnen, um weitere Informationen über Ihren Kurs zu erhalten.

  2. Main content – Details, arguments, or background.

  3. Conclusion – Polite summary and request.

Closing Formula (Schlussformel)

Common endings:

  • Mit freundlichen Grüßen (most common, neutral)

  • Viele Grüße (only semi-formal emails)

No comma after the closing phrase!

Signature (Unterschrift)

If handwritten: sign above your typed name.
If email: just type your full name.

Polite Vocabulary and Phrases in Formal Letter

formelle-briefe-sreiben-deutsch-68b4b259b11cf.webp

To sound professional it’s important to use polite wording:

  • Requests:

    • Könnten Sie mir bitte mitteilen… (Could you please let me know…)

    • Ich wäre Ihnen sehr dankbar, wenn… (I would be very grateful if…)

  • Making reference:

    • Wie in unserem Gespräch vereinbart… (As agreed in our conversation…)

    • Wie telefonisch besprochen… (As discussed by phone…)

  • Expressing interest:

    • Mit großem Interesse habe ich gelesen… (I read with great interest…)

    • Ich freue mich darauf, von Ihnen zu hören. (I look forward to hearing from you.)

📌 Typical Formal Letter Topics in A1 Exam

Requesting Information (Information erfragen)

  • Asking about a course (language course, swimming course, etc.)

  • Asking about opening hours, prices or schedules

  • Example: Bitte schicken Sie mir Informationen über den Deutschkurs.

Making or Cancelling an Appointment (Termin vereinbaren / absagen)

  • Doctor’s appointment

  • Meeting with an office or service provider

  • Example: Leider kann ich am Montag nicht kommen. Ich möchte einen neuen Termin.

Invitations / Replies to Invitations

  • Invitation to a party, meeting or course

  • Accepting or refusing politely

  • Example: Vielen Dank für Ihre Einladung. Ich komme gern.

Requests / Asking for Help (Bitte äußern)

  • Borrowing something (e.g. a book, a ticket)

  • Asking for assistance at work/school

  • Example: Könnten Sie mir bitte das Formular schicken?

Apologies (Entschuldigung)

  • Missing a meeting, class, or appointment

  • Being late

  • Example: Entschuldigung, ich kann heute nicht zum Kurs kommen.

Complaints (Beschwerde) – very basic at A1

  • About a product or service

  • Example: Der Fernseher funktioniert nicht. Bitte schicken Sie einen Techniker.

Simple Applications / Registrations (Anmeldung / Bewerbung)

  • Registering for a course, club, or activity

  • Applying for a basic job or internship

  • Example: Ich möchte mich für den Deutschkurs anmelden.

Summary: Writing formal letters in German requires a clear structure: sender → recipient → date → subject → salutation → body → closing → signature. Using polite wording and correct formatting will help you communicate effectively in professional and official contexts.

✉️ Example Writing Task: Formal Email for Goethe A1 Exam

Example Situation:
You want to attend a German course in a language school. You need more information, so you write a short formal email/letter to the school.

Your email should include 3 questions:

  1. Ask when the course starts and what the schedule/timetable is.

  2. Ask which books or materials you need for the course.

  3. Ask if there is a discount for students.

Instructions:

  • Write a formal email (not to a friend).

  • Use a polite greeting (e.g. Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,).

  • Write 3–5 simple sentences with your questions.

  • End with a polite closing (e.g. Mit freundlichen Grüßen + your name).

Exam Tip: In the Goethe A1 writing part, the important things are:

  • Answer all the points (all 3 questions).

  • Keep sentences short and simple.

  • Use polite forms (Könnten Sie mir bitte…, Gibt es…?).

  • Don’t forget the greeting, closing and your name.

Example Formal Letter "Asking about a German course"

Ali Hasan
Bahnhofstraße 10
12345 München

Sprachschule LingoMile
Kursbüro
Hauptstraße 25
12345 Hamburg

Hamburg, den 31. August 2025

Betreff: Anfrage zum Deutschkurs

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,

ich interessiere mich für Ihren Deutschkurs.
Könnten Sie mir bitte sagen, wann der Kurs beginnt und wie der Stundenplan aussieht?
Welche Bücher oder Materialien brauche ich für den Kurs?
Gibt es eine Ermäßigung für Studenten?

Vielen Dank im Voraus für Ihre Antwort.

Mit freundlichen Grüßen

(Unterschrift)
Ali Hasan

👉 This fits A1 exam requirements:

  • Polite greeting (Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,)

  • 3–5 short sentences with clear questions

  • Polite ending (Vielen Dank im Voraus… / Mit freundlichen Grüßen)

💡 Formula to remember:

Greeting → 1 intro sentence → 3 short questions → polite thanks → closing → name

📑 Formal Letter (German ↔ English with Explanation)

German Text

English Translation

Description / Function

Betreff: Anfrage zum Deutschkurs

Subject: Request about the German course

Subject line → short, clear reason for writing

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,

Dear Sir or Madam,

Polite greeting when you don’t know the recipient’s name

ich interessiere mich für Ihren Deutschkurs.

I am interested in your German course.

Introduction sentence → why you are writing

Wann beginnt der Kurs und wie ist der Stundenplan?

When does the course start and what is the schedule?

Question 1 → course start and timetable

Welche Bücher oder Materialien brauche ich für den Kurs?

Which books or materials do I need for the course?

Question 2 → course materials

Gibt es eine Ermäßigung für Studenten?

Is there a discount for students?

Question 3 → asking about student discount

Vielen Dank im Voraus für Ihre Antwort.

Thank you in advance for your reply.

Polite closing sentence

Mit freundlichen Grüßen

Kind regards

Formal farewell (no comma after it in German)

Ali Hasan

Ali Hasan

Writer’s name/signature

Sophia Schmidt's profile picture
Written by Sophia Schmidt

Sophia is a certified German language expert (Goethe & telc) with over eight years of experience helping learners master German. She specializes in creating high-quality digital learning materials and writing informative articles, while teaching German and preparing students for exams – bringing practical, real-world language skills to every lesson.


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